Racism is the belief that one race is inherently superior or inferior to another, leading to discrimination, prejudice, or systemic inequalities based on race or ethnicity. It can manifest in various ways, including individual biases, stereotypes, and prejudiced behaviors, as well as institutional policies and societal structures that disadvantage certain racial groups while privileging others. Racism can be both overt, such as hate speech and segregation, and subtle, such as unconscious bias and disparities in opportunities, education, employment, and justice. It is deeply rooted in history and continues to impact societies worldwide, often reinforcing cycles of inequality and exclusion.